Introduction
Have you noticed that some are more sensitive to sounds, avoid certain clothing, or constantly seek movement? These behaviours are often linked to how the brain processes sensory information.
Sensory processing is the brain’s ability to receive, interpret, and respond to information from both the environment and our body. We often think about the five basic senses — sight, sound, touch, taste, and smell. However, our sensory system is more complex than that. The brain receives information from eight sensory systems.
What consists of our sensory system and their functions:
- Visual (sight)
- Auditory (sound)
- Tactile (touch)
- Gustatory (taste)
- Olfactory (smell)
- Vestibular (movement and balance)
- Proprioception (body position and awareness)
- Interoception (internal body signals such as hunger, thirst, or needing the toilet)
The brain continuously organises all this information so we can respond appropriately, whether that means sitting upright in a chair, focusing in class, putting on clothes, or joining a game with friends.
Why is it important?
For most children, this process develops naturally through everyday experiences like climbing at the playground, playing with toys, getting dressed, or interacting with others. The brain automatically sorts and makes sense of all this input so children can move, learn, and participate in daily life.
However, some children experience differences in how their brain organises sensory information. When the brain struggles to process sensory input efficiently, children may be:
- Over-responsive (hypersensitive) — reacting strongly to sounds, textures, or movement
- Under-responsive (hyposensitive) — seeming unaware of certain sensory input
- Sensory-seeking — constantly looking for movement, pressure, or touch
These differences can affect:
- Tolerating clothing
- Sitting still and focusing in school
- Participating in play
- Managing emotions and behaviour
- Navigating social situations
It is important to remember: children are not choosing these reactions. Their nervous system is responding in the way it currently knows how.
When should you seek help?
You may consider seeking support if your child:
- Reacts very strongly to sounds, textures, lights, or smells
- Avoids certain clothing, foods, or messy play
- Constantly seeks movement (e.g., jumping, crashing, spinning)
- Has difficulty sitting still or staying focused
- Becomes easily overwhelmed in busy environments
- Struggles with everyday tasks like dressing, eating, or participating in play
Conclusion:
If you have noticed these patterns, an assessment with a qualified occupational therapist can help you better understand your child’s unique sensory profile.
Occupational therapy focuses on practical, play based strategies that support regulation, motor development, and daily living skills both at home and in school environments.
At Ohana Therapy, we believe every child’s nervous system is unique. With understanding and the right support, children can feel more regulated, confident, and engaged in their world.
If you have any questions or concerns, our occupational therapists are here to guide and support you and your child.
References
American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA). Sensory integration and sensory processing. Retrieved from https://www.aota.org
STAR Institute for Sensory Processing. Understanding sensory processing. Retrieved from https://sensoryhealth.org
Child Mind Institute. Sensory processing issues explained. Retrieved from https://childmind.org
Ayres, A. J. (1972). Sensory integration and learning disorders. Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services. (More detailed resource if parents want to read about the original work)
